Animal Husbandry
Farmers adopt different methods of management for getting better yields in agriculture . In the same way , care is also required in the management of rearing animals . Providing food,shelter, protection and breeding animals is called "Animal Husbandry".
Generally people domesticated only such of these which are useful for them. Buffaloes,
Cows are reared for milk . Hens,goats,sheeps
for meat and ox , horse , bulls , donkeys for
agriculture and transportation . Food production is the main aim in rearing animals .
Milk production
The production of milk is called milk production . Generally we get milk from cows, buffaloes,goat etc. Generally farmers rear 1 to 5 cattle in small scale at their homes to produce milk. They supply fodder from their agricultural fields only .
Among cows , traditional species give 2 to 5 litres per day , Murra a traditional species gives 8 litres per day. Haryana , Jaferabad , Nagapuri are the traditional species of India.
Jersey (England) and Holistein(Denmark) are the foreign species which gives 25 litres of milk per day . Cows play a vital role in total milk production.
Out of milk produced in India 60% is used to make cheese , ghee, curd , milk powder and other products .
Jersey Cow
Holistein cow
Poultry
Production and rearing of hens on a large is generally called poultry . Billions of hens are reared worldwide for eggs and chicken . We get 74% Chicken and 64% of eggs only from poultry farms. Poultry has emerged as one of major industries in last two decades . India acheived 3 rd position in world by producing 90 million eggs per annum . And also placed in 7th position in the production of meat about 3000-5000 million kgs per annum .
Generally poultry farms are of two types . One is for production of eggs and other for meat . Broilers are commonly used variety in poultry . There are reared for meat . Layer is reared for production of eggs .
New Hampshire , white Plymouth , Rhode Island red , white leg horn , anoka are foriegn varities of meat giving species
Some hens are reared only for production of eggs . Some hens are able to lay 300 to 350 eggs in their life span . But , one has to follow proper management techniques up to 21 to 72 weeks for getting eggs.
Apiculture
Culture of honey bees (apis) is called apiculture . It is most beneficial and eco friendly activity . Development of apiculture is not only for honey production but also for crop pollination . Honey bees are best pollinators of many agricultural crops .
Presently there are six well known species in India of honey bees . Apis dorsata, apis indica, apis florea,apis melipona,apis trigoana, apis cerena are species available in country .apis cerena produce 3-10 kgs of honey per annum. A bee hive Apis mellifera produces 25 - 30 kgs per annum.
There is only one queen bee in colony , The primary function of queen is to lay eggs . The lifespan of queen is 2 to 3 years , a worker has 5-6 weeks lifespan and the drone for 57 days . There are sterile females which are workers in hive. These bees attend to indoor duties during first three weeks . After 3 weeks they attend outdoor activities such as collecting nectar , pollen and water .The drone is male bees of colony they are very lazy and unable to gather food. The main duty is to participate in mating. Mating takes place in open when the queen is in flight.
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